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Letter from Horace Hotchkiss, 1 April 1840

Source Note

Horace Hotchkiss

15 Apr. 1799–21 Apr. 1849. Merchant, land speculator. Born in East Haven, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Heman Hotchkiss and Elizabeth Rowe. Moved to New Haven, New Haven Co., by 1815. Married Charlotte Austin Street, 22 Feb. 1824, in East Haven. Purchased...

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, Letter,
Fair Haven

Village in south-central Connecticut, located on Quinnipiac River. Population in 1853 about 3,000.

More Info
, New Haven Co., CT, to JS, [
Commerce

Located near middle of western boundary of state, bordering Mississippi River. European Americans settled area, 1820s. From bank of river, several feet above high-water mark, ground described as nearly level for six or seven blocks before gradually sloping...

More Info
, Hancock Co., IL], 1 Apr. 1840. Featured version copied [between mid-Apr. and June 1840] in JS Letterbook 2, pp. 123–125; handwriting of
Howard Coray

6 May 1817–16 Jan. 1908. Bookkeeper, clerk, teacher, farmer. Born in Dansville, Steuben Co., New York. Son of Silas Coray and Mary Stephens. Moved to Providence, Luzerne Co., Pennsylvania, ca. 1827; to Williams, Northampton Co., Pennsylvania, by 1830; and...

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; JS Collection, CHL. For more complete source information, see the source note for JS Letterbook 2.

Historical Introduction

On 1 April 1840,
Horace Hotchkiss

15 Apr. 1799–21 Apr. 1849. Merchant, land speculator. Born in East Haven, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Heman Hotchkiss and Elizabeth Rowe. Moved to New Haven, New Haven Co., by 1815. Married Charlotte Austin Street, 22 Feb. 1824, in East Haven. Purchased...

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, a land speculator from
Connecticut

Originally inhabited by native Algonquin tribes. Among first thirteen colonies that formed U.S., southernmost state in New England. First permanent European settlements established by members of Massachusetts Bay Colony, ca. 1635. Population in 1820 about...

More Info
, wrote to JS in
Commerce

Located near middle of western boundary of state, bordering Mississippi River. European Americans settled area, 1820s. From bank of river, several feet above high-water mark, ground described as nearly level for six or seven blocks before gradually sloping...

More Info
, Illinois, regarding potential land purchases. Hotchkiss had addressed a letter to JS in
Washington DC

Created as district for seat of U.S. federal government by act of Congress, 1790, and named Washington DC, 1791. Named in honor of George Washington. Headquarters of executive, legislative, and judicial branches of U.S. government relocated to Washington ...

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two weeks earlier, believing JS was still in the eastern
United States

North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...

More Info
.
1

Letter from Horace Hotchkiss, 17 Mar. 1840.


After learning that JS had returned to
Illinois

Became part of Northwest Territory of U.S., 1787. Admitted as state, 1818. Population in 1840 about 480,000. Population in 1845 about 660,000. Plentiful, inexpensive land attracted settlers from northern and southern states. Following expulsion from Missouri...

More Info
, Hotchkiss wrote this 1 April letter, in which he offered to sell to JS and the
church

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

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additional land in central and western
Illinois

Became part of Northwest Territory of U.S., 1787. Admitted as state, 1818. Population in 1840 about 480,000. Population in 1845 about 660,000. Plentiful, inexpensive land attracted settlers from northern and southern states. Following expulsion from Missouri...

More Info
and conveyed his sympathy regarding the Senate Committee on the Judiciary’s negative recommendation on the Latter-day Saints’ petition for redress to Congress.
2

Historical Introduction to Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, ca. 30 Oct. 1839–27 Jan. 1840; Report of the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 4 Mar. 1840.


The previous year, Hotchkiss and his business partners,
Smith Tuttle

12 Mar. 1795–7 Mar. 1865. Shipping merchant, land speculator. Born in East Haven, New Haven Co., Connecticut. Son of Christopher Tuttle and Abigail Luddington. Moved to Wallingford, New Haven Co., by 1810. Married first Rachel Gillett. Married second Amarilla...

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and
John Gillet

2 Aug. 1796–17 July 1848. Likely born in Connecticut. Son of Benoni Gillett and Phoebe Dean. Moved to Commerce (later Nauvoo), Hancock Co., Illinois, by May 1837. In Aug. 1839, with land-speculating partners Horace Hotchkiss and Smith Tuttle, sold land in...

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, had sold to the church all of their property in the Commerce area.
3

Bonds from Horace Hotchkiss, 12 Aug. 1839–A and B.


Aware of the rapid influx of Mormons to Illinois, Hotchkiss offered in this April 1840 letter to sell properties in the area of
Springfield

Settled by 1819. Incorporated as town, 1832. Became capital of Illinois, 1837. Incorporated as city, 1840. Sangamon Co. seat. Population in 1840 about 2,600. Stake of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints organized in Springfield, Nov. 1840; discontinued...

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, Illinois, and in the
Rock River

Consists of three branches that rise in Washington and Fond du Lac counties in southeastern Wisconsin. Branches conjoin in Dodge Co., Wisconsin, and river then flows southwestward about three hundred miles to confluence with Mississippi River near Rock Island...

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region of Henry and Mercer counties, further up the
Mississippi River

Principal U.S. river running southward from Itasca Lake, Minnesota, to Gulf of Mexico. Covered 3,160-mile course, 1839 (now about 2,350 miles). Drains about 1,100,000 square miles. Steamboat travel on Mississippi very important in 1830s and 1840s for shipping...

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and northeast of Commerce. No response from JS is known to exist, and the Saints did not purchase the land that Hotchkiss offered to sell.
The original letter is apparently not extant.
Howard Coray

6 May 1817–16 Jan. 1908. Bookkeeper, clerk, teacher, farmer. Born in Dansville, Steuben Co., New York. Son of Silas Coray and Mary Stephens. Moved to Providence, Luzerne Co., Pennsylvania, ca. 1827; to Williams, Northampton Co., Pennsylvania, by 1830; and...

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copied the version featured here into JS Letterbook 2, likely sometime between the third week of April and the end of June 1840.
4

Coray, Autobiographical Sketch, 17, 19.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Coray, Howard. Autobiographical Sketch, after 1883. Howard Coray, Papers, ca. 1840–1941. Photocopy. CHL. MS 2043, fd. 1.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    Letter from Horace Hotchkiss, 17 Mar. 1840.

  2. [2]

    Historical Introduction to Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, ca. 30 Oct. 1839–27 Jan. 1840; Report of the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 4 Mar. 1840.

  3. [3]

    Bonds from Horace Hotchkiss, 12 Aug. 1839–A and B.

  4. [4]

    Coray, Autobiographical Sketch, 17, 19.

    Coray, Howard. Autobiographical Sketch, after 1883. Howard Coray, Papers, ca. 1840–1941. Photocopy. CHL. MS 2043, fd. 1.

Asterisk (*) denotes a "featured" version, which includes an introduction and annotation. *Letter from Horace Hotchkiss, 1 April 1840 Letterbook 2 History, 1838–1856, volume C-1 [2 November 1838–31 July 1842] “History of Joseph Smith”

Page 124

enterprise. These constitu[t]e a capital which can never be shaken by man, and form the basis of all that is great in commercial influence on [or?] in the attainment of pecuniary power—
Judge Higbee

23 Oct. 1795–8 June 1843. Clerk, judge, surveyor. Born at Galloway, Gloucester Co., New Jersey. Son of Isaac Higbee and Sophia Somers. Moved to Clermont Co., Ohio, 1803. Married Sarah Elizabeth Ward, 10 Sept. 1818, in Tate Township, Clermont Co. Lived at ...

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informs me that
Mr. [Sidney] Rigdon

19 Feb. 1793–14 July 1876. Tanner, farmer, minister. Born at St. Clair, Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania. Son of William Rigdon and Nancy Gallaher. Joined United Baptists, ca. 1818. Preached at Warren, Trumbull Co., Ohio, and vicinity, 1819–1821. Married Phebe...

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is probably in
New Jersey

Located in northeast region of U.S. First European settlements made by Dutch, Swedes, and English, early 1600s. Admitted to U.S. as state, Dec. 1787. Population in 1830 about 321,000. Population in 1840 about 373,000. First Latter-day Saint missionaries preached...

More Info
,
6

Due to continued ill health, Rigdon remained in Philadelphia after JS left the city. Rigdon left Philadelphia for New Jersey on 5 March 1840 and wrote to JS on 3 April that he intended to return to Philadelphia. (Historian’s Office, JS History, Draft Notes, 14 Jan. 1840, 2; Letters from Elias Higbee, 9 and 24 Mar. 1840; Letter from Sidney Rigdon, 3 Apr. 1840.)


it would have afforded me much pleasure, to have seen you all at my house, and it was my intention, to spend some time at
Washington

Created as district for seat of U.S. federal government by act of Congress, 1790, and named Washington DC, 1791. Named in honor of George Washington. Headquarters of executive, legislative, and judicial branches of U.S. government relocated to Washington ...

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while you were there; but my health has been so very infirm, that it has prevented me form [from] executing nearly all the arrangements, I had proposed for myself, for the last eight months. Knowing the aditions constantly joining your society,
7

The 17 April 1840 issue of the Peoria Register and North-Western Gazetteer reported that “about 300 houses have been put up in Nauvoo since last October,” and “the increase of population by immigration is very great. Our informant states that several families arrive every day.” (“Latest from the Mormons,” Peoria [IL] Register and North-Western Gazetteer, 17 Apr. 1840, [2].)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Peoria Register and North-Western Gazetteer. Peoria, IL. 1837–1843.

it has occurred to me, that some of them may be unprovided with farming lands; and I mention at this time, that I am interested in a Tract of about 12000 acres of very choice lands consisting of timber and prairie, fifteen or twenty miles from
Springfield

Settled by 1819. Incorporated as town, 1832. Became capital of Illinois, 1837. Incorporated as city, 1840. Sangamon Co. seat. Population in 1840 about 2,600. Stake of Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints organized in Springfield, Nov. 1840; discontinued...

More Info
, upon which
Mr. [John] Gillet

2 Aug. 1796–17 July 1848. Likely born in Connecticut. Son of Benoni Gillett and Phoebe Dean. Moved to Commerce (later Nauvoo), Hancock Co., Illinois, by May 1837. In Aug. 1839, with land-speculating partners Horace Hotchkiss and Smith Tuttle, sold land in...

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and several other families are settled, and cultivating most excellent farms—
8

Hotchkiss, Tuttle, and Gillet owned lands near Springfield in Sangamon and Logan counties. Gillet and some of his extended family resided at Lake Fork, Logan County, northeast of Springfield. (Horace Hotchkiss, New York, to John Gillet, 7 Nov. 1846; John Gillet, Nauvoo, IL, to Smith Tuttle, Fair Haven, CT, 15 July 1844; John Gillet to Smith Tuttle, 1 Aug. 1841, Gillett Family Papers, 1736–1904, Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library, Springfield, IL.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Gillett Family Papers, 1736–1904. Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library, Springfield, IL.

it is in one of the best neighborhoods in the
State

Became part of Northwest Territory of U.S., 1787. Admitted as state, 1818. Population in 1840 about 480,000. Population in 1845 about 660,000. Plentiful, inexpensive land attracted settlers from northern and southern states. Following expulsion from Missouri...

More Info
— I do not know what my copartners in this tract would say about disposing of what remains unsold of the tract (say eight to nine thousand acres) but I should be disposed to sell upon reasonable terms, provided twenty to forty families valuable for their prudence industry, and good habits from your society, can be found to form a small colony of practical farmers— I am also interested with the same gentleman in lands near
Rock River

Consists of three branches that rise in Washington and Fond du Lac counties in southeastern Wisconsin. Branches conjoin in Dodge Co., Wisconsin, and river then flows southwestward about three hundred miles to confluence with Mississippi River near Rock Island...

More Info
, in Henry and Mercer Counties, and believe this would on many accounts an othe[r] extremely desirable place or location for a colony of your people— I have said nothing to those owning with me relative to this subject, but suppose they would be governed materially by two considerations; namely the characters of the purchasers and the fact of their being actual setlers or not— If you think two small colonies of the right sort can be formed from your society, you will oblige [p. 124]
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Page 124

Document Information

Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Letter from Horace Hotchkiss, 1 April 1840
ID #
531
Total Pages
3
Print Volume Location
JSP, D7:235–238
Handwriting on This Page
  • Howard Coray

Footnotes

  1. [6]

    Due to continued ill health, Rigdon remained in Philadelphia after JS left the city. Rigdon left Philadelphia for New Jersey on 5 March 1840 and wrote to JS on 3 April that he intended to return to Philadelphia. (Historian’s Office, JS History, Draft Notes, 14 Jan. 1840, 2; Letters from Elias Higbee, 9 and 24 Mar. 1840; Letter from Sidney Rigdon, 3 Apr. 1840.)

  2. [7]

    The 17 April 1840 issue of the Peoria Register and North-Western Gazetteer reported that “about 300 houses have been put up in Nauvoo since last October,” and “the increase of population by immigration is very great. Our informant states that several families arrive every day.” (“Latest from the Mormons,” Peoria [IL] Register and North-Western Gazetteer, 17 Apr. 1840, [2].)

    Peoria Register and North-Western Gazetteer. Peoria, IL. 1837–1843.

  3. [8]

    Hotchkiss, Tuttle, and Gillet owned lands near Springfield in Sangamon and Logan counties. Gillet and some of his extended family resided at Lake Fork, Logan County, northeast of Springfield. (Horace Hotchkiss, New York, to John Gillet, 7 Nov. 1846; John Gillet, Nauvoo, IL, to Smith Tuttle, Fair Haven, CT, 15 July 1844; John Gillet to Smith Tuttle, 1 Aug. 1841, Gillett Family Papers, 1736–1904, Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library, Springfield, IL.)

    Gillett Family Papers, 1736–1904. Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library, Springfield, IL.

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