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Letter from Thomas Rawcliff, 24 May 1843

Source Note

Thomas Rawcliff, Letter,
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Hancock Co., IL, to JS,
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Hancock Co., IL, 24 May 1843; handwriting and signature presumably of Thomas Rawcliff; six pages; JS Collection, CHL. Includes address and docket.
Bifolium measuring 12½ × 7½ inches (32 × 19 cm) with an extra slip of paper measuring 5½ × 4⅝ inches (14 × 12 cm). The recto of the first leaf appears to have been ruled with horizontal blue lines, now almost completely faded. The letter was written on the verso of the first leaf, the recto and verso of the second leaf, and then the recto of the first leaf. It was concluded on a separate slip of paper, ruled with sixteen horizontal blue lines and apparently cut from a larger sheet of paper. The slip was inserted into the bifolium. The letter was then trifolded twice for mailing, addressed, and sealed with a red adhesive wafer. Remnants of the wafer are on both sides of the first leaf. The letter was later refolded for filing.
The letter was docketed by
Thomas Bullock

23 Dec. 1816–10 Feb. 1885. Farmer, excise officer, secretary, clerk. Born in Leek, Staffordshire, England. Son of Thomas Bullock and Mary Hall. Married Henrietta Rushton, 25 June 1838. Moved to Ardee, Co. Louth, Ireland, Nov. 1839; to Isle of Anglesey, Aug...

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, who served as JS's scribe from 1843 to 1844 and as clerk to the church historian and recorder from 1845 to 1865.
1

Jessee, “Writing of Joseph Smith’s History,” 456, 458; Woodruff, Journal, 22 Jan. 1865.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Jessee, Dean C. “The Writing of Joseph Smith’s History.” BYU Studies 11 (Summer 1971): 439–473.

Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

The document was listed in an inventory that was produced by the Church Historian’s Office (later Church Historical Department) circa 1904.
2

“Letters to and from the Prophet,” ca. 1904, [3], Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.

By 1973 the document had been included in the JS Collection at the Church Historical Department (now CHL).
3

See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection, 1827–1844, in the CHL catalog.


The document’s early docket, its listing in a circa 1904 inventory, and its later inclusion in the JS Collection indicate continuous institutional custody.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    Jessee, “Writing of Joseph Smith’s History,” 456, 458; Woodruff, Journal, 22 Jan. 1865.

    Jessee, Dean C. “The Writing of Joseph Smith’s History.” BYU Studies 11 (Summer 1971): 439–473.

    Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

  2. [2]

    “Letters to and from the Prophet,” ca. 1904, [3], Historian’s Office, Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904, CHL.

    Historian’s Office. Catalogs and Inventories, 1846–1904. CHL. CR 100 130.

  3. [3]

    See the full bibliographic entry for JS Collection, 1827–1844, in the CHL catalog.

Historical Introduction

On 24 May 1843, Thomas Rawcliff, a British immigrant living in
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Illinois, wrote a letter to JS asking for help in recovering debts owed him by
Robert D. Foster

14 Mar. 1811–1 Feb. 1878. Justice of the peace, physician, land speculator. Born in Braunston, Northamptonshire, England. Son of John Foster and Jane Knibb. Married Sarah Phinney, 18 July 1837, at Medina Co., Ohio. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of ...

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,
Wilson Law

26 Feb. 1806–15 Oct. 1876. Merchant, millwright, land speculator, farmer. Born in Ireland. Son of Richard Law and Ann Hunter. Immigrated to U.S. and settled in Springfield Township, Mercer Co., Pennsylvania, by 1820. Moved to Delaware Township, Mercer Co....

View Full Bio
, and
William Law

8 Sept. 1809–12/19 Jan. 1892. Merchant, millwright, physician. Born in Co. Tyrone, Ireland. Son of Richard Law and Ann Hunter. Immigrated to U.S. and settled in Springfield Township, Mercer Co., Pennsylvania, by 1820. Moved to Delaware Township, Mercer Co...

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, three prominent members of the
church

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

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and the Nauvoo community. Rawcliff also shared his concern for his fellow British immigrants, who he believed were being exploited through land speculation, lending practices, and employment arrangements. Though his parents joined the church in
England

Island nation consisting of southern portion of Great Britain and surrounding smaller islands. Bounded on north by Scotland and on west by Wales. Became province of Roman Empire, first century. Ruled by Romans, through 447. Ruled by Picts, Scots, and Saxons...

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, Rawcliff was not a Latter-day Saint. After a brief sojourn in
Canada

In late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Canada referred to British colonies of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Divided into Upper Canada and Lower Canada, 1791; reunited 10 Feb. 1841. Boundaries corresponded roughly to present-day Ontario (Upper...

More Info
in 1841, he came to Nauvoo at the encouragement of friends who lived there. After settling in Nauvoo, he discovered some things that troubled him.
In 1841, British immigrants began arriving in
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
and were in desperate need of employment.
1

See George Miller, St. James, MI, to “Dear Brother,” 26 June 1855, in Northern Islander, 16 Aug. 1855, [3].


Comprehensive Works Cited

Northern Islander. St. James, MI. 1850–1856.

Several men found work building the
Nauvoo House

Located in lower portion of Nauvoo (the flats) along bank of Mississippi River. JS revelation, dated 19 Jan. 1841, instructed Saints to build boardinghouse for travelers and immigrants. Construction of planned three-story building to be funded by fifty-dollar...

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and were dependent upon Nauvoo House funding for their subsistence. Rawcliff asserted that his friends working on the building were underfed and underpaid. This was not an uncommon complaint; on 21 February 1843,
Lucien Woodworth

3 Apr. 1799–after 1860. Architect, laborer, carpenter. Born in Thetford, Orange Co., Vermont. Married Phebe Watrous. Moved to Ellisburg, Jefferson Co., New York, by 1830; to Missouri, by 1839; and to Nauvoo, Hancock Co., Illinois, by 1841. Architect of Nauvoo...

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—overseer of the Nauvoo House construction—stated that it was difficult to keep workmen on the job because he could not adequately feed or compensate them.
2

JS, Journal, 21 Feb. 1843.


At a church
conference

A meeting where ecclesiastical officers and other church members could conduct church business. The “Articles and Covenants” of the church directed the elders to hold conferences to perform “Church business.” The first of these conferences was held on 9 June...

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in Nauvoo in April 1843, church members approved a motion for the
Quorum of the Twelve Apostles

Members of a governing body in the church, with special administrative and proselytizing responsibilities. A June 1829 revelation commanded Oliver Cowdery and David Whitmer to call twelve disciples, similar to the twelve apostles in the New Testament and ...

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to collect funds for the Nauvoo House.
3

Revised Minutes and Discourses, 23 Apr.–ca. 8 May 1843; see also Minutes and Discourses, 6–7 Apr. 1843.


On 19 April, JS directed the apostles to “go in the name of th[e] Lord God & tell [Lucien] Woodworth to put the hands onto the Nauvoo House & be patient till men can be provided.”
4

Minutes, 19 Apr. 1843.


In addition, JS encouraged British immigrants to find work outside the city because of the lack of employment opportunities in Nauvoo.
5

Discourse, 13 Apr. 1843.


Rawcliff went on to express worry that some individuals—one of whom he believed was
Robert D. Foster

14 Mar. 1811–1 Feb. 1878. Justice of the peace, physician, land speculator. Born in Braunston, Northamptonshire, England. Son of John Foster and Jane Knibb. Married Sarah Phinney, 18 July 1837, at Medina Co., Ohio. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of ...

View Full Bio
—were attempting to swindle newly arrived Latter-day Saints. JS generally shared Rawcliff’s concern. On 13 April 1843, JS addressed a group of immigrants assembled at the
temple

Located in portion of Nauvoo known as the bluff. JS revelation dated Jan. 1841 commanded Saints to build temple and hotel (Nauvoo House). Cornerstone laid, 6 Apr. 1841. Saints volunteered labor, money, and other resources for temple construction. Construction...

More Info
site and warned them about “specluators who would get away your property.” He encouraged immigrants to rely on church leaders for advice regarding whom they could trust.
6

Discourse, 13 Apr. 1843; JS, Journal, 13 Apr. 1843.


JS and other church leaders periodically lectured the Saints against stealing from those not of the faith.
7

Minutes and Discourses, 6–7 Apr. 1843; see also “Thieves,” Times and Seasons, 1 Dec. 1841, 3:615; and Discourse, 10 Apr. 1842.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

Despite these efforts, Rawcliff believed that some church members had no qualms about cheating outsiders. He was especially frustrated because he could not get
Foster

14 Mar. 1811–1 Feb. 1878. Justice of the peace, physician, land speculator. Born in Braunston, Northamptonshire, England. Son of John Foster and Jane Knibb. Married Sarah Phinney, 18 July 1837, at Medina Co., Ohio. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of ...

View Full Bio
, a doctor and prominent businessman;
Wilson Law

26 Feb. 1806–15 Oct. 1876. Merchant, millwright, land speculator, farmer. Born in Ireland. Son of Richard Law and Ann Hunter. Immigrated to U.S. and settled in Springfield Township, Mercer Co., Pennsylvania, by 1820. Moved to Delaware Township, Mercer Co....

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, major general of the
Nauvoo Legion

A contingent of the Illinois state militia provided for in the Nauvoo city charter. The Nauvoo Legion was organized into two cohorts: one infantry and one cavalry. Each cohort could potentially comprise several thousand men and was overseen by a brigadier...

View Glossary
; and
William Law

8 Sept. 1809–12/19 Jan. 1892. Merchant, millwright, physician. Born in Co. Tyrone, Ireland. Son of Richard Law and Ann Hunter. Immigrated to U.S. and settled in Springfield Township, Mercer Co., Pennsylvania, by 1820. Moved to Delaware Township, Mercer Co...

View Full Bio
, a counselor in the
First Presidency

The highest presiding body of the church. An 11 November 1831 revelation stated that the president of the high priesthood was to preside over the church. JS was ordained as president of the high priesthood on 25 January 1832. In March 1832, JS appointed two...

View Glossary
, to repay their debts to him. After repeated attempts to collect the money, Rawcliff felt “reluctantly compelled” to seek JS’s help as church president and wrote requesting assistance in recovering his money.
The letter contains no postmarks, which indicates that Rawcliff or a courier delivered it. A later history stated that JS received the letter the same day Rawcliff wrote it.
8

JS History, vol. D-1, 1561.


No response to the letter is known, and it is unclear whether JS took any action against the Laws or
Foster

14 Mar. 1811–1 Feb. 1878. Justice of the peace, physician, land speculator. Born in Braunston, Northamptonshire, England. Son of John Foster and Jane Knibb. Married Sarah Phinney, 18 July 1837, at Medina Co., Ohio. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of ...

View Full Bio
.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    See George Miller, St. James, MI, to “Dear Brother,” 26 June 1855, in Northern Islander, 16 Aug. 1855, [3].

    Northern Islander. St. James, MI. 1850–1856.

  2. [2]

    JS, Journal, 21 Feb. 1843.

  3. [3]

    Revised Minutes and Discourses, 23 Apr.–ca. 8 May 1843; see also Minutes and Discourses, 6–7 Apr. 1843.

  4. [4]

    Minutes, 19 Apr. 1843.

  5. [5]

    Discourse, 13 Apr. 1843.

  6. [6]

    Discourse, 13 Apr. 1843; JS, Journal, 13 Apr. 1843.

  7. [7]

    Minutes and Discourses, 6–7 Apr. 1843; see also “Thieves,” Times and Seasons, 1 Dec. 1841, 3:615; and Discourse, 10 Apr. 1842.

    Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

  8. [8]

    JS History, vol. D-1, 1561.

Page [3]

I could tell you a thousand of His tricks almost, and the way he carries on; but most likely you know more about him than I do; and so I’ll leave him and his proceedings in your hands, to see if you can do any thing for me in this case; he has wanted me to assist him to sell Land to some of the English; but I could not, and now I am to get it as I can; and this is a Mormon I suppose, A <​mormon​> Magistrate, Surgeon General to the
Nauvoo Legion

A contingent of the Illinois state militia provided for in the Nauvoo city charter. The Nauvoo Legion was organized into two cohorts: one infantry and one cavalry. Each cohort could potentially comprise several thousand men and was overseen by a brigadier...

View Glossary
!
31

Foster was appointed surgeon general of the Nauvoo Legion in March 1841. He was also a justice of the peace in Nauvoo. (John C. Bennett, “Officers of the Nauvoo Legion,” [1], Nauvoo Legion Records, CHL; Militia Returns, Nauvoo Legion, 23 Mar. 1841, Illinois Governor, Military Correspondence, microfilm, CHL; Hiram Kimball on behalf of Ethan Kimball to William Horner, Deed, 1 May 1843, Hiram Kimball, Collection, CHL.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Nauvoo Legion Records, 1841–1845. CHL. MS 3430.

Illinois Governor. Military Correspondence, 1839–1844. Microfilm. CHL. MS 8716.

Kimball, Hiram. Collection, 1830–1910. CHL.

Doctor of Medicin one of the Grand jury for the
county

Formed from Pike Co., 1825. Described in 1837 as predominantly prairie and “deficient in timber.” Early settlers came mainly from mid-Atlantic and southern states. Population in 1835 about 3,200; in 1840 about 9,900; and in 1844 at least 15,000. Carthage ...

More Info
paying Taxes for 1300 acres of Land on the prarie and 60 or 70 city Lots!! Merchant in dry good and Groceries, builder of brick and Mammoth bones;
32

Rawcliff was playing on the name of Foster’s “Mammoth Hotel,” a four-story brick building under construction at the time on the northeast corner of Mulholland and Woodruff streets, just east of the Nauvoo temple site. In a February 1843 discourse, JS publicly criticized Foster’s “personal aggrandizement” for building “mammoth skeletons . . . all over town but there is no flesh on them.” (JS, Journal, 21 Jan. 1844; Cochran et al., History of Hancock County, Illinois, 441; Berrett, Sacred Places, 3:184; Discourse, 21 Feb. 1843.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Cochran, Robert M., Mary H. Siegfried, Ida Blum, David L. Fulton, Harold T. Garvey, and Olen L. Smith, eds. History of Hancock County, Illinois: Illinois Sesquicentennial Edition. Carthage, IL: Board of Supervisors of Hancock County, 1968.

Berrett, LaMar C., ed. Sacred Places: A Comprehensive Guide to Early LDS Historical Sites. 6 vols. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1999–2007.

erecting a large tavern
33

Foster may have planned on hosting a tavern as part of his hotel then under construction.


to beautify the
city

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
of the saints &c &c, and specially authorized to build by revelation a large brick house for the prophet!!! on some unknown scale, I say unknown, because God was never so put to it before that he cannot <​could not​> find a man to do his buisness of more honest principles, than such a fellow as this, that can could build him a house without having to go a swindling poor labouring men out of their little earning<​s,​> by such damnable lies, and hypocrisy; but, there is a report going through this
city

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
; and has been for some time, that it is not a sin to suck the blood of the
Gentiles

Those who were not members of the House of Israel. More specifically, members of the church identified gentiles as those whose lineage was not of the Jews or Lamanites (understood to be the American Indians in JS’s day). Certain prophecies indicated that ...

View Glossary
.
34

See Isaiah 60:16. For more information on stealing among Latter-day Saints in Missouri and Illinois, see Minutes and Discourses, 6–7 Apr. 1843.


I should like to know if this be true, in any sense of the word.
35

In a church conference held 6 April 1843, Hyrum Smith addressed the issue of church members stealing from those outside the faith. Hyrum denounced as “Gadianters” conspiring men who “hold that it is right to stea[l] from any one who does not belong to the church provided they consecrate two-thirds of it to the building of the Temple. They are also making bogus money.” JS responded by saying, “I want the elders to make honorable proclamation abroad concerning what the feelings of the first presidency is, for stealing has never been tolerated by them.” JS then read aloud a proclamation condemning stealing that he signed on 25 March 1843. (Revised Minutes and Discourses, 23 Apr.–ca. 8 May 1843; see also Minutes and Discourses, 6–7 Apr. 1843; and “Proclamation,” Wasp, 29 Mar. 1843, [3].)


And, as I have another important part of my tale to tell you, I will commence without delay; It is concerning the Messrs Laws One Day last October Gen:
W[ilson] Law

26 Feb. 1806–15 Oct. 1876. Merchant, millwright, land speculator, farmer. Born in Ireland. Son of Richard Law and Ann Hunter. Immigrated to U.S. and settled in Springfield Township, Mercer Co., Pennsylvania, by 1820. Moved to Delaware Township, Mercer Co....

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came to my house, and says to me, Sir, have you not a little money, some 200 or 300 Dollars that you are not useing? if you have you would greatly oblige us, by lending it to us for 2 or 3 months; we can give you any kind of security, that is necessary; and you can have it back again as soon as ever you want it after that time.
36

In at least one other instance, William and Wilson Law borrowed money jointly and were sued for its recovery. (James R. Fayerweather, Affidavit, Des Moines, Co., Iowa Territory, 10 July 1844, George McIntire v. William and Wilson Law [Des Moines Co. Dist. Ct. 1844], photocopy, CHL.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

George McIntire v. William and Wilson Law / Des Moines County, Iowa Territory. George McIntire v. William and Wilson Law, 10 July 1844. Photocopy. CHL.

well says I, Sir, I have a little money, but I have some to pay in April next on some Land, and I owe some to another man, to pay at that time; and, if I could positively have the money back at that time, without <​any​> chance of a failure in the world; why I could let it go; for I shall not want it till then; but mind you, I would not be disappointed at the time for half the amount; O says he, you need not be afraid, for we have so many resources, that it is impossible they should all fail, we have made a contract with the government for hemp at $180 per ton, that is safe; my
brother

8 Sept. 1809–12/19 Jan. 1892. Merchant, millwright, physician. Born in Co. Tyrone, Ireland. Son of Richard Law and Ann Hunter. Immigrated to U.S. and settled in Springfield Township, Mercer Co., Pennsylvania, by 1820. Moved to Delaware Township, Mercer Co...

View Full Bio
is gone to
Canada

In late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Canada referred to British colonies of Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Divided into Upper Canada and Lower Canada, 1791; reunited 10 Feb. 1841. Boundaries corresponded roughly to present-day Ontario (Upper...

More Info
to fetch £200 and he will be back long before that time. we shall be exporting flour early next spring, we have lots of money owing us; brother Joseph owes us 700 Dollars; and we expect him to pay us before it be long,
37

On 21 July 1843, JS’s store credited the joint account held by William and Wilson Law with $814.03 plus another $475.30 from “2 notes & int on one.” JS may have provided this credit to keep track of money he owed the Laws. After JS’s death, Wilson Law filed a claim against JS’s estate to recover outstanding debts that accrued before Rawcliff wrote this letter. (JS, Daybook, 21 July 1843, 86; JS Estate, Bill of Wilson Law, 23 May 1845, Historical Department, Nineteenth-Century Legal Documents Collection, CHL.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Smith, Joseph. Daybook, 1842–1844. Iowa Masonic Library, Cedar Rapids. Microfilm copy at CHL. MS 8461.

and we expect to sell some land this next winter or Spring: so you see we could turn us an hundred ways by the time you would want it, and you would oblige the whole
town

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
by lending it, for we cannot get bolting cloth to our Mill;
38

William and Wilson Law operated a steam-powered sawmill and flour mill along the Mississippi River on Sidney Street, between Locust and Marion streets. (Trustees Land Book B, 266–267 [insert], 275; Notice, Wasp, 11 June 1842, [2]; “Weather, Wind and Works,” Wasp, 17 Sept. 1842, [2]; see also Hancock Co., IL, Deed Records, 1817–1917, vol. K, pp. 490–492, 24 Jan. 1842, microfilm 954,599, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

The Wasp. Nauvoo, IL. Apr. 1842–Apr. 1843.

and we cannot bolt the people’s flour:
39

Bolting cloth was a “linen or hair cloth” used to separate, or bolt, “bran from flour” at a flour mill. (“Bolt,” and “Bolting-Cloth,” in American Dictionary [1841], 97.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

An American Dictionary of the English Language; First Edition in Octavo, Containing the Whole Vocabulary of the Quarto, with Corrections, Improvements and Several Thousand Additional Words. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. 2nd ed. 2 vols. New Haven: By the author, 1841.

so you see it is not for our benefit alone, but every body’s. Well says I, sir, you talk very reasonable, but, if the Mormons were to be drove from here through this old
Bogg’s [Lilburn W. Boggs]

14 Dec. 1796–14 Mar. 1860. Bookkeeper, bank cashier, merchant, Indian agent and trader, lawyer, doctor, postmaster, politician. Born at Lexington, Fayette Co., Kentucky. Son of John M. Boggs and Martha Oliver. Served in War of 1812. Moved to St. Louis, ca...

View Full Bio
affair,
40

In May 1842, an assassination attempt was made on Lilburn W. Boggs, the former governor of Missouri. Boggs recovered and accused JS and Orrin Porter Rockwell of perpetrating the crime. Over the next several months, JS was entangled in a legal battle to avoid extradition to Missouri to face charges of being an accessory to attempted murder. Some local Illinois residents were incensed that JS could use the Nauvoo Municipal Court to secure a writ of habeas corpus and avoid extradition. (See Introduction to Missouri Extradition Attempt, 1842–1843, Selected Documents; “Part 1: March 1843”; and Historical Introduction to Discourse, 30 June 1843.)


then who might I look to for my money. pugh! they never will be drove I know. Now look here, brother Joseph told me there would be no disturbance, and there is no likeliness of it either; but, chance that should take place; I’ll tell you what I would do, before you should be disappointed one hour, I would go right off to my father in
Pennsylvania

Area first settled by Swedish immigrants, 1628. William Penn received grant for territory from King Charles II, 1681, and established British settlement, 1682. Philadelphia was center of government for original thirteen U.S. colonies from time of Revolutionary...

More Info
, he owns 900 acres of land, and has plenty of cash, and would let me have it first word, and bring you the money.
41

William and Wilson Law’s parents were Richard and Ann Hunter Law. The Laws immigrated to western Pennsylvania from Ireland around 1820, settling in Mercer County. In 1838, while living there, William Law informed Isaac Russell that his father was opposed to the church due to “evil reports” circulating in the area. (William Law, Georgetown, PA, to Isaac Russell, Far West, MO, 17 Jan. 1838, Isaac Russell, Correspondence, CHL.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Russell, Isaac. Correspondence, 1837–1840. CHL. MS 6066.

Well, you promise very fair I said, and, if you would be half as punctual as your word, I durst lend it you. but,
Dr Foster

14 Mar. 1811–1 Feb. 1878. Justice of the peace, physician, land speculator. Born in Braunston, Northamptonshire, England. Son of John Foster and Jane Knibb. Married Sarah Phinney, 18 July 1837, at Medina Co., Ohio. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of ...

View Full Bio
came in this way and deluded me out of $25, and his prospects for paying was quite as good as yours, and his expectations still more brilliant, and flattering. but I have never been able to get the first picayune yet, so I don’t know what to think. O says he, we are not such characters as
Foster

14 Mar. 1811–1 Feb. 1878. Justice of the peace, physician, land speculator. Born in Braunston, Northamptonshire, England. Son of John Foster and Jane Knibb. Married Sarah Phinney, 18 July 1837, at Medina Co., Ohio. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of ...

View Full Bio
, we don’t do buisness in the way
Foster

14 Mar. 1811–1 Feb. 1878. Justice of the peace, physician, land speculator. Born in Braunston, Northamptonshire, England. Son of John Foster and Jane Knibb. Married Sarah Phinney, 18 July 1837, at Medina Co., Ohio. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of ...

View Full Bio
does, and would be ashamed to get people money in the way he does; I am really sorry for you about
Foster

14 Mar. 1811–1 Feb. 1878. Justice of the peace, physician, land speculator. Born in Braunston, Northamptonshire, England. Son of John Foster and Jane Knibb. Married Sarah Phinney, 18 July 1837, at Medina Co., Ohio. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of ...

View Full Bio
’s case, but I would be after him pretty quick, for he has just come from the east and no doubt he has money, I should think if you would appeal to his honour publicly, he could not deny you; and so after a good deal more talk on desultory topics, he left me to consider on it, and I was to give him an answer the next day, and challenged me to find any body they were indebted to; as I should be the first person, that had lent them money in this place; having only asked
Squire Welds [John F. Weld]

11 Dec. 1809–28 July 1892. Physician, surgeon. Born in Berkshire, Franklin Co., Vermont. Son of Daniel Weld and Lydia Fuller. Moved to Cornish, Cheshire Co., New Hampshire, by 1810. Moved to Sonora Township, Hancock Co., Illinois, 1827. Attended Dartmouth...

View Full Bio
before me, but he had not the money by him or he would have lent it them the first word:
42

Weld was a Dartmouth-educated physician and surgeon living in Nauvoo. He was apparently not a member of the church. Like Foster, William Law, and Wilson Law, Weld was also an officer in the Nauvoo Legion. (Waite, First Medical College in Vermont, 269; John C. Bennett, “Officers of the Nauvoo Legion,” [2], Nauvoo Legion Records, CHL.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Waite, Frederick Clayton. The First Medical College in Vermont: Castleton 1818–1862. Montpelier, VT: Vermont Historical Society, 1949.

Nauvoo Legion Records, 1841–1845. CHL. MS 3430.

So, after I had thoughts on all these great big tales for a while, I was overwhelmed with wonder! and thoughts, if there be any honest punctual men in
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

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these are they; or any thing in Mormonism either; for one is the Major Gen. of the Nauvoo Legion, the other, one out of the three of the
first Presidency

The highest presiding body of the church. An 11 November 1831 revelation stated that the president of the high priesthood was to preside over the church. JS was ordained as president of the high priesthood on 25 January 1832. In March 1832, JS appointed two...

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of the
church

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

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,
43

William Law was appointed as a counselor in the First Presidency in 1841. (Revelation, 19 Jan. 1841 [D&C 124:91].)


and surely God would never appoint bad men for these offices; they must be good, yes, “old tried ones,” and, I thought if there be nothing in Mormonism, they will be punctual to their word, for the sake of their characters; and after reasoning in this way awhile, I concluded to let them have it; and they were to give me flour for the use of it. and
Wm. [Law]

8 Sept. 1809–12/19 Jan. 1892. Merchant, millwright, physician. Born in Co. Tyrone, Ireland. Son of Richard Law and Ann Hunter. Immigrated to U.S. and settled in Springfield Township, Mercer Co., Pennsylvania, by 1820. Moved to Delaware Township, Mercer Co...

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said I must remind them about a month before it was due, chance they should forget <​it​> through the variety of their dealings, well I did so in march, and it was to be due on the 19th. of April, (the sum I lent them was 150 Dollars I had forgot to mention that—) and
Wilson

26 Feb. 1806–15 Oct. 1876. Merchant, millwright, land speculator, farmer. Born in Ireland. Son of Richard Law and Ann Hunter. Immigrated to U.S. and settled in Springfield Township, Mercer Co., Pennsylvania, by 1820. Moved to Delaware Township, Mercer Co....

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told me they had the money by them their, for they had sold some Land but, he supposed I should not want it before it was due; no I said I did not want it before the time. but I should want it to the day; for I was making preparations to go to
England

Island nation consisting of southern portion of Great Britain and surrounding smaller islands. Bounded on north by Scotland and on west by Wales. Became province of Roman Empire, first century. Ruled by Romans, through 447. Ruled by Picts, Scots, and Saxons...

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; as I was obliged to go, and I was only waiting for that and some other money, that, that
Foster

14 Mar. 1811–1 Feb. 1878. Justice of the peace, physician, land speculator. Born in Braunston, Northamptonshire, England. Son of John Foster and Jane Knibb. Married Sarah Phinney, 18 July 1837, at Medina Co., Ohio. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of ...

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owed me. You shall have it to the hour Sir, says he. For I was as confident as of my own existence, that I should get it at the appointed [p. [3]]
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Document Information

Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Letter from Thomas Rawcliff, 24 May 1843
ID #
1081
Total Pages
6
Print Volume Location
JSP, D12:328–342
Handwriting on This Page
  • Thomas Rawcliff

Footnotes

  1. [31]

    Foster was appointed surgeon general of the Nauvoo Legion in March 1841. He was also a justice of the peace in Nauvoo. (John C. Bennett, “Officers of the Nauvoo Legion,” [1], Nauvoo Legion Records, CHL; Militia Returns, Nauvoo Legion, 23 Mar. 1841, Illinois Governor, Military Correspondence, microfilm, CHL; Hiram Kimball on behalf of Ethan Kimball to William Horner, Deed, 1 May 1843, Hiram Kimball, Collection, CHL.)

    Nauvoo Legion Records, 1841–1845. CHL. MS 3430.

    Illinois Governor. Military Correspondence, 1839–1844. Microfilm. CHL. MS 8716.

    Kimball, Hiram. Collection, 1830–1910. CHL.

  2. [32]

    Rawcliff was playing on the name of Foster’s “Mammoth Hotel,” a four-story brick building under construction at the time on the northeast corner of Mulholland and Woodruff streets, just east of the Nauvoo temple site. In a February 1843 discourse, JS publicly criticized Foster’s “personal aggrandizement” for building “mammoth skeletons . . . all over town but there is no flesh on them.” (JS, Journal, 21 Jan. 1844; Cochran et al., History of Hancock County, Illinois, 441; Berrett, Sacred Places, 3:184; Discourse, 21 Feb. 1843.)

    Cochran, Robert M., Mary H. Siegfried, Ida Blum, David L. Fulton, Harold T. Garvey, and Olen L. Smith, eds. History of Hancock County, Illinois: Illinois Sesquicentennial Edition. Carthage, IL: Board of Supervisors of Hancock County, 1968.

    Berrett, LaMar C., ed. Sacred Places: A Comprehensive Guide to Early LDS Historical Sites. 6 vols. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1999–2007.

  3. [33]

    Foster may have planned on hosting a tavern as part of his hotel then under construction.

  4. [34]

    See Isaiah 60:16. For more information on stealing among Latter-day Saints in Missouri and Illinois, see Minutes and Discourses, 6–7 Apr. 1843.

  5. [35]

    In a church conference held 6 April 1843, Hyrum Smith addressed the issue of church members stealing from those outside the faith. Hyrum denounced as “Gadianters” conspiring men who “hold that it is right to stea[l] from any one who does not belong to the church provided they consecrate two-thirds of it to the building of the Temple. They are also making bogus money.” JS responded by saying, “I want the elders to make honorable proclamation abroad concerning what the feelings of the first presidency is, for stealing has never been tolerated by them.” JS then read aloud a proclamation condemning stealing that he signed on 25 March 1843. (Revised Minutes and Discourses, 23 Apr.–ca. 8 May 1843; see also Minutes and Discourses, 6–7 Apr. 1843; and “Proclamation,” Wasp, 29 Mar. 1843, [3].)

  6. [36]

    In at least one other instance, William and Wilson Law borrowed money jointly and were sued for its recovery. (James R. Fayerweather, Affidavit, Des Moines, Co., Iowa Territory, 10 July 1844, George McIntire v. William and Wilson Law [Des Moines Co. Dist. Ct. 1844], photocopy, CHL.)

    George McIntire v. William and Wilson Law / Des Moines County, Iowa Territory. George McIntire v. William and Wilson Law, 10 July 1844. Photocopy. CHL.

  7. [37]

    On 21 July 1843, JS’s store credited the joint account held by William and Wilson Law with $814.03 plus another $475.30 from “2 notes & int on one.” JS may have provided this credit to keep track of money he owed the Laws. After JS’s death, Wilson Law filed a claim against JS’s estate to recover outstanding debts that accrued before Rawcliff wrote this letter. (JS, Daybook, 21 July 1843, 86; JS Estate, Bill of Wilson Law, 23 May 1845, Historical Department, Nineteenth-Century Legal Documents Collection, CHL.)

    Smith, Joseph. Daybook, 1842–1844. Iowa Masonic Library, Cedar Rapids. Microfilm copy at CHL. MS 8461.

  8. [38]

    William and Wilson Law operated a steam-powered sawmill and flour mill along the Mississippi River on Sidney Street, between Locust and Marion streets. (Trustees Land Book B, 266–267 [insert], 275; Notice, Wasp, 11 June 1842, [2]; “Weather, Wind and Works,” Wasp, 17 Sept. 1842, [2]; see also Hancock Co., IL, Deed Records, 1817–1917, vol. K, pp. 490–492, 24 Jan. 1842, microfilm 954,599, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL.)

    The Wasp. Nauvoo, IL. Apr. 1842–Apr. 1843.

  9. [39]

    Bolting cloth was a “linen or hair cloth” used to separate, or bolt, “bran from flour” at a flour mill. (“Bolt,” and “Bolting-Cloth,” in American Dictionary [1841], 97.)

    An American Dictionary of the English Language; First Edition in Octavo, Containing the Whole Vocabulary of the Quarto, with Corrections, Improvements and Several Thousand Additional Words. . . . Edited by Noah Webster. 2nd ed. 2 vols. New Haven: By the author, 1841.

  10. [40]

    In May 1842, an assassination attempt was made on Lilburn W. Boggs, the former governor of Missouri. Boggs recovered and accused JS and Orrin Porter Rockwell of perpetrating the crime. Over the next several months, JS was entangled in a legal battle to avoid extradition to Missouri to face charges of being an accessory to attempted murder. Some local Illinois residents were incensed that JS could use the Nauvoo Municipal Court to secure a writ of habeas corpus and avoid extradition. (See Introduction to Missouri Extradition Attempt, 1842–1843, Selected Documents; “Part 1: March 1843”; and Historical Introduction to Discourse, 30 June 1843.)

  11. [41]

    William and Wilson Law’s parents were Richard and Ann Hunter Law. The Laws immigrated to western Pennsylvania from Ireland around 1820, settling in Mercer County. In 1838, while living there, William Law informed Isaac Russell that his father was opposed to the church due to “evil reports” circulating in the area. (William Law, Georgetown, PA, to Isaac Russell, Far West, MO, 17 Jan. 1838, Isaac Russell, Correspondence, CHL.)

    Russell, Isaac. Correspondence, 1837–1840. CHL. MS 6066.

  12. [42]

    Weld was a Dartmouth-educated physician and surgeon living in Nauvoo. He was apparently not a member of the church. Like Foster, William Law, and Wilson Law, Weld was also an officer in the Nauvoo Legion. (Waite, First Medical College in Vermont, 269; John C. Bennett, “Officers of the Nauvoo Legion,” [2], Nauvoo Legion Records, CHL.)

    Waite, Frederick Clayton. The First Medical College in Vermont: Castleton 1818–1862. Montpelier, VT: Vermont Historical Society, 1949.

    Nauvoo Legion Records, 1841–1845. CHL. MS 3430.

  13. [43]

    William Law was appointed as a counselor in the First Presidency in 1841. (Revelation, 19 Jan. 1841 [D&C 124:91].)

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