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Resolution, circa 8 April 1838

Source Note

JS,
Sidney Rigdon

19 Feb. 1793–14 July 1876. Tanner, farmer, minister. Born at St. Clair, Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania. Son of William Rigdon and Nancy Gallaher. Joined United Baptists, ca. 1818. Preached at Warren, Trumbull Co., Ohio, and vicinity, 1819–1821. Married Phebe...

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, and
Hyrum Smith

9 Feb. 1800–27 June 1844. Farmer, cooper. Born at Tunbridge, Orange Co., Vermont. Son of Joseph Smith Sr. and Lucy Mack. Moved to Randolph, Orange Co., 1802; back to Tunbridge, before May 1803; to Royalton, Windsor Co., Vermont, 1804; to Sharon, Windsor Co...

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, Resolution,
Far West

Originally called Shoal Creek. Located fifty-five miles northeast of Independence. Surveyed 1823; first settled by whites, 1831. Site purchased, 8 Aug. 1836, before Caldwell Co. was organized for Latter-day Saints in Missouri. William W. Phelps and John Whitmer...

More Info
, Caldwell Co., MO, [ca. 8 Apr. 1838], in License Record Book, Dec. 1837–May 1862, p. 19; handwriting of
George W. Robinson

14 May 1814–10 Feb. 1878. Clerk, postmaster, merchant, clothier, banker. Born at Pawlet, Rutland Co., Vermont. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and moved to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio, by 1836. Clerk and recorder for Kirtland high...

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; CHL. For more complete source information, see the source note for License Record Book.

Historical Introduction

On 8 April 1838, the second day of a quarterly church conference held in
Far West

Originally called Shoal Creek. Located fifty-five miles northeast of Independence. Surveyed 1823; first settled by whites, 1831. Site purchased, 8 Aug. 1836, before Caldwell Co. was organized for Latter-day Saints in Missouri. William W. Phelps and John Whitmer...

More Info
, Missouri, the Saints passed a resolution that a member of the
First Presidency

The highest presiding body of the church. An 11 November 1831 revelation stated that the president of the high priesthood was to preside over the church. JS was ordained as president of the high priesthood on 25 January 1832. In March 1832, JS appointed two...

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should sign all
licenses

A document certifying an individual’s office in the church and authorizing him “to perform the duty of his calling.” The “Articles and Covenants” of the church implied that only elders could issue licenses; individuals ordained by a priest to an office in...

View Glossary
for the church’s
priesthood

Power or authority of God. The priesthood was conferred through the laying on of hands upon adult male members of the church in good standing; no specialized training was required. Priesthood officers held responsibility for administering the sacrament of...

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officers. The church issued licenses to its officers to use when traveling, providing proof that they were legitimate officers in good standing. At first, these licenses were handwritten; later, the church printed license forms upon which information, including the officer’s name and the signatures of those authorizing the license, could be added by hand after the officer was ordained.
1

See, for example, License for John Whitmer, 9 June 1830; License for Frederick G. Williams, 25 Feb. 1834; and License, 21 Mar. 1836.


According to the licensing reforms adopted in 1836, all licenses were to be authorized with the signatures of the chairman and the clerk of the conference in which the officer was ordained. When this policy was established, JS was appointed as the church’s licensing chairman, with
Frederick G. Williams

28 Oct. 1787–10 Oct. 1842. Ship’s pilot, teacher, physician, justice of the peace. Born at Suffield, Hartford Co., Connecticut. Son of William Wheeler Williams and Ruth Granger. Moved to Newburg, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, 1799. Practiced Thomsonian botanical system...

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, who was a counselor in the First Presidency, appointed as the licensing clerk.
2

Minutes, 3 Mar. 1836.


Later,
David Whitmer

7 Jan. 1805–25 Jan. 1888. Farmer, livery keeper. Born near Harrisburg, Dauphin Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Peter Whitmer Sr. and Mary Musselman. Raised Presbyterian. Moved to Ontario Co., New York, shortly after birth. Attended German Reformed Church. Arranged...

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,
president

An organized body of leaders over priesthood quorums and other ecclesiastical organizations. A November 1831 revelation first described the office of president over the high priesthood and the church as a whole. By 1832, JS and two counselors constituted ...

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of the church in
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

More Info
, was appointed as the licensing chairman for licenses issued there, and
William W. Phelps

17 Feb. 1792–7 Mar. 1872. Writer, teacher, printer, newspaper editor, publisher, postmaster, lawyer. Born at Hanover, Morris Co., New Jersey. Son of Enon Phelps and Mehitabel Goldsmith. Moved to Homer, Cortland Co., New York, 1800. Married Sally Waterman,...

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was appointed as the licensing clerk.
3

Minute Book 2, 6–7 Dec. 1837.


In February 1838, when the members of the
Zion

JS revelation, dated 20 July 1831, designated Missouri as “land of Zion” for gathering of Saints and place where “City of Zion” was to be built, with Independence area as “center place” of Zion. Latter-day Saint settlements elsewhere, such as in Kirtland,...

More Info
presidency were removed from office, they were also rejected as licensing officers.
Apostles

Members of a governing body in the church, with special administrative and proselytizing responsibilities. A June 1829 revelation commanded Oliver Cowdery and David Whitmer to call twelve disciples, similar to the twelve apostles in the New Testament and ...

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Thomas B. Marsh

1 Nov. 1800–Jan. 1866. Farmer, hotel worker, waiter, horse groom, grocer, type foundry worker, teacher. Born at Acton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of James Marsh and Molly Law. Married first Elizabeth Godkin, 1 Nov. 1820, at New York City. Moved to ...

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and
David W. Patten

14 Nov. 1799–25 Oct. 1838. Farmer. Born in Vermont. Son of Benoni Patten and Edith Cole. Moved to Theresa, Oneida Co., New York, as a young child. Moved to Dundee, Monroe Co., Michigan Territory, as a youth. Married Phoebe Ann Babcock, 1828, in Dundee. Affiliated...

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were appointed to replace the Zion presidency as presidents pro tempore and to serve as licensing officers until JS’s arrival.
4

Letter from Thomas B. Marsh, 15 Feb. 1838.


When JS arrived in Missouri, he retained Marsh and Patten as presidents over the church in Zion, but JS and his counselors in the First Presidency assumed the role of licensing officers.
5

See Minutes, 6 Apr. 1838.


This resolution may have been part of the general effort to address the recent dissent of some church members against JS. The resolution ensured that only leaders who supported JS would receive valid licenses.
Sometime after the conference,
George W. Robinson

14 May 1814–10 Feb. 1878. Clerk, postmaster, merchant, clothier, banker. Born at Pawlet, Rutland Co., Vermont. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and moved to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio, by 1836. Clerk and recorder for Kirtland high...

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noted the resolution in a license record book. The record book begins with a note regarding the appointment of the committee that drafted the March 1836 licensing reforms. Because the 8 April resolution revised the reforms of 1836, Robinson may have added the note about the 8 April resolution in the record book to clarify that the 1836 policy had been revised.
6

General Church Recorder, License Record Book, 1.


Robinson’s note does not match the language of the resolution as recorded in the minutes of the conference, and the note adds the detail that Robinson was appointed as the licensing clerk. The note, therefore, is not a transcribed excerpt from the minutes of the conference but a documentary production in its own right. The note bears the date of 6 April 1838, when a meeting was held to commemorate the anniversary of the church’s organization, to conduct church business, and to perform
ordinances

A religious rite. JS taught that ordinances were covenants between man and God, in which believers could affirm faith, gain spiritual knowledge, and seek blessings. Some ordinances were considered requisite for salvation. The manner in which ordinances were...

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. However, the resolution was actually made on 8 April, during the two-day quarterly conference that followed the anniversary meeting. Although the formatting of the note—which presents the date on its own line like a dateline—seems to indicate that the resolution was passed on 6 April, the wording may be understood to mean that any other form of licensing would be considered fraudulent after 6 April—the start of meetings in which new leaders were appointed. The note regarding the resolution may also carry a 6 April date because church conferences that lasted more than one day were often dated in church records with only the first day of the conference.
7

See, for example, Minutes, ca. 3–4 June 1831; Minute Book 2, 5–7 Apr. 1837; and Minutes, 4–5 May 1839.


Although the minutes of the two meetings identify only the 7–8 April meeting as the quarterly conference, in Robinson’s note the anniversary meeting was considered part of the “general Conference.” The minutes of the 7–8 April conference specify that the resolution was moved, seconded, and carried on 8 April.
8

This was one of the final resolutions passed in the conference, following a one-hour intermission that may have allowed for a midday meal. (See Minutes, 7–8 Apr. 1838.)


Robinson probably inscribed the note shortly after the 7–8 April conference. The latest possible copying date was apparently 1 June 1838, the day he received the first new license and copied it into the record book just beneath the note.
9

General Church Recorder, License Record Book, 19.


This license and the licenses that follow in the record book manifest that the resolution of the conference was followed in the ensuing months.
10

General Church Recorder, License Record Book, 19–32; see also License for Gardner Snow, 19 Jan. 1839.


Footnotes

  1. [1]

    See, for example, License for John Whitmer, 9 June 1830; License for Frederick G. Williams, 25 Feb. 1834; and License, 21 Mar. 1836.

  2. [2]

    Minutes, 3 Mar. 1836.

  3. [3]

    Minute Book 2, 6–7 Dec. 1837.

  4. [4]

    Letter from Thomas B. Marsh, 15 Feb. 1838.

  5. [5]

    See Minutes, 6 Apr. 1838.

  6. [6]

    General Church Recorder, License Record Book, 1.

  7. [7]

    See, for example, Minutes, ca. 3–4 June 1831; Minute Book 2, 5–7 Apr. 1837; and Minutes, 4–5 May 1839.

  8. [8]

    This was one of the final resolutions passed in the conference, following a one-hour intermission that may have allowed for a midday meal. (See Minutes, 7–8 Apr. 1838.)

  9. [9]

    General Church Recorder, License Record Book, 19.

  10. [10]

    General Church Recorder, License Record Book, 19–32; see also License for Gardner Snow, 19 Jan. 1839.

Asterisk (*) denotes a "featured" version, which includes an introduction and annotation.
*Resolution, circa 8 April 1838
License Record Book

Page 19

Voted by a general
Conference

A meeting where ecclesiastical officers and other church members could conduct church business. The “Articles and Covenants” of the church directed the elders to hold conferences to perform “Church business.” The first of these conferences was held on 9 June...

View Glossary
of the
ordained members

Male church members ordained to a priesthood office. Records of conferences occasionally listed the number of official members present. In March 1836, a gathering of priesthood quorums and councils met in the House of the Lord in Kirtland, Ohio, and approved...

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of the
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

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, assembled in
Far West

Originally called Shoal Creek. Located fifty-five miles northeast of Independence. Surveyed 1823; first settled by whites, 1831. Site purchased, 8 Aug. 1836, before Caldwell Co. was organized for Latter-day Saints in Missouri. William W. Phelps and John Whitmer...

More Info
Mo. April 6th 1838. That all
licenses

A document certifying an individual’s office in the church and authorizing him “to perform the duty of his calling.” The “Articles and Covenants” of the church implied that only elders could issue licenses; individuals ordained by a priest to an office in...

View Glossary
hereafter Should be Signed by one of the
first Prests

The highest presiding body of the church. An 11 November 1831 revelation stated that the president of the high priesthood was to preside over the church. JS was ordained as president of the high priesthood on 25 January 1832. In March 1832, JS appointed two...

View Glossary
of the Church as Prest. & the general Recorder as Clerk. And all others, of course will be concidered fraud after this Date
1

This phrasing may indicate that previously issued licenses were no longer valid. The licensing reforms of March 1836 included an article requesting all previous license holders to turn in their old licenses and receive new ones issued under the new regulations. (Minutes, 3 Mar. 1836.)


Far, West

Originally called Shoal Creek. Located fifty-five miles northeast of Independence. Surveyed 1823; first settled by whites, 1831. Site purchased, 8 Aug. 1836, before Caldwell Co. was organized for Latter-day Saints in Missouri. William W. Phelps and John Whitmer...

More Info
, Mo. April 6th 1838.
Joseph Smith Jr) Prets. of Said Church
Sidney Rigdon

19 Feb. 1793–14 July 1876. Tanner, farmer, minister. Born at St. Clair, Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania. Son of William Rigdon and Nancy Gallaher. Joined United Baptists, ca. 1818. Preached at Warren, Trumbull Co., Ohio, and vicinity, 1819–1821. Married Phebe...

View Full Bio
)
Hyrum Smith

9 Feb. 1800–27 June 1844. Farmer, cooper. Born at Tunbridge, Orange Co., Vermont. Son of Joseph Smith Sr. and Lucy Mack. Moved to Randolph, Orange Co., 1802; back to Tunbridge, before May 1803; to Royalton, Windsor Co., Vermont, 1804; to Sharon, Windsor Co...

View Full Bio
)
2

Although Hyrum Smith’s name is affixed to this resolution as a member of the First Presidency of the church, he was not present at the conference. Smith, who was moving from Ohio to Missouri, departed Kirtland in March and did not arrive at Far West until late May. JS, Rigdon, or Robinson may have signed for Hyrum Smith in his absence. It is also possible that the inscribed names of the First Presidency do not represent signatures but that Robinson added the names to the written resolution to represent their authority as the presiding officers of the conference in which the resolution was passed or to represent their authority as the new licensing officers named in the resolution. (Hyrum Smith, Commerce, IL, to “the Saints Scattered Abroad,” Dec. 1839, in Times and Seasons, Dec. 1839, 1:21; O’Driscoll, Hyrum Smith, 167–170.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

O'Driscoll, Jeffrey S. Hyrum Smith: A Life of Integrity. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2003.

Geo. W. Robinson

14 May 1814–10 Feb. 1878. Clerk, postmaster, merchant, clothier, banker. Born at Pawlet, Rutland Co., Vermont. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and moved to Kirtland, Geauga Co., Ohio, by 1836. Clerk and recorder for Kirtland high...

View Full Bio
} Recorder General.
3

Robinson was appointed “general Church Recorder and Clerk for the first Presidency” in the 6 April 1838 anniversary and business meeting. (Minutes, 6 Apr. 1838.)


[p. 19]
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Source Note

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Page 19

Document Information

Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Resolution, circa 8 April 1838
ID #
3252
Total Pages
1
Print Volume Location
JSP, D6:75–77
Handwriting on This Page
  • George W. Robinson

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    This phrasing may indicate that previously issued licenses were no longer valid. The licensing reforms of March 1836 included an article requesting all previous license holders to turn in their old licenses and receive new ones issued under the new regulations. (Minutes, 3 Mar. 1836.)

  2. [2]

    Although Hyrum Smith’s name is affixed to this resolution as a member of the First Presidency of the church, he was not present at the conference. Smith, who was moving from Ohio to Missouri, departed Kirtland in March and did not arrive at Far West until late May. JS, Rigdon, or Robinson may have signed for Hyrum Smith in his absence. It is also possible that the inscribed names of the First Presidency do not represent signatures but that Robinson added the names to the written resolution to represent their authority as the presiding officers of the conference in which the resolution was passed or to represent their authority as the new licensing officers named in the resolution. (Hyrum Smith, Commerce, IL, to “the Saints Scattered Abroad,” Dec. 1839, in Times and Seasons, Dec. 1839, 1:21; O’Driscoll, Hyrum Smith, 167–170.)

    Times and Seasons. Commerce/Nauvoo, IL. Nov. 1839–Feb. 1846.

    O'Driscoll, Jeffrey S. Hyrum Smith: A Life of Integrity. Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2003.

  3. [3]

    Robinson was appointed “general Church Recorder and Clerk for the first Presidency” in the 6 April 1838 anniversary and business meeting. (Minutes, 6 Apr. 1838.)

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