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Revelation, 30 April 1832 [D&C 83]

Source Note

Revelation, “
Zion

JS revelation, dated 20 July 1831, designated Missouri as “land of Zion” for gathering of Saints and place where “City of Zion” was to be built, with Independence area as “center place” of Zion. Latter-day Saint settlements elsewhere, such as in Kirtland,...

More Info
” [
Independence

Located twelve miles from western Missouri border. Permanently settled, platted, and designated county seat, 1827. Hub for steamboat travel on Missouri River. Point of departure for Santa Fe Trail. Population in 1831 about 300. Latter-day Saint population...

More Info
, Jackson Co., MO], 31 May [30 Apr.] 1832. Featured version copied [ca. 31 May 1832]; handwriting of
Sidney Rigdon

19 Feb. 1793–14 July 1876. Tanner, farmer, minister. Born at St. Clair, Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania. Son of William Rigdon and Nancy Gallaher. Joined United Baptists, ca. 1818. Preached at Warren, Trumbull Co., Ohio, and vicinity, 1819–1821. Married Phebe...

View Full Bio
; one page; Newel K. Whitney, Papers, BYU. Includes docket and archival marking.
One leaf, measuring 5 × 7⅞ inches (13 × 20 cm). The top and the right side of the recto have the square cut of manufactured paper. The left side is unevenly cut, suggesting the leaf was excised from a book. The bottom of the leaf is unevenly torn off from what was originally a larger leaf. The document was later folded for filing and docketed by
Newel K. Whitney

3/5 Feb. 1795–23 Sept. 1850. Trader, merchant. Born at Marlborough, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of Samuel Whitney and Susanna Kimball. Moved to Fairfield, Herkimer Co., New York, 1803. Merchant at Plattsburg, Clinton Co., New York, 1814. Mercantile clerk for...

View Full Bio
in graphite: “as to Women & children; | Inheretance at Zion | 30 apl. 1832”.
This document and several other revelations, along with many other personal and institutional documents kept by
Whitney

3/5 Feb. 1795–23 Sept. 1850. Trader, merchant. Born at Marlborough, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of Samuel Whitney and Susanna Kimball. Moved to Fairfield, Herkimer Co., New York, 1803. Merchant at Plattsburg, Clinton Co., New York, 1814. Mercantile clerk for...

View Full Bio
, were inherited by his daughter Mary Jane Whitney, who married Isaac Groo. This collection was passed down in the Groo family and donated by members of the family to the Harold B. Lee Library at Brigham Young University during the period 1969–1974.
1

Andrus et al., “Register of the Newel Kimball Whitney Papers, 1825–1906,” 5–6.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Andrus, Hyrum L., Chris Fuller, and Elizabeth E. McKenzie. “Register of the Newel Kimball Whitney Papers, 1825–1906,” Sept. 1998. BYU.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    Andrus et al., “Register of the Newel Kimball Whitney Papers, 1825–1906,” 5–6.

    Andrus, Hyrum L., Chris Fuller, and Elizabeth E. McKenzie. “Register of the Newel Kimball Whitney Papers, 1825–1906,” Sept. 1998. BYU.

Historical Introduction

According to a later JS history, JS “sat in council with the brethren” on 30 April 1832 in
Independence

Located twelve miles from western Missouri border. Permanently settled, platted, and designated county seat, 1827. Hub for steamboat travel on Missouri River. Point of departure for Santa Fe Trail. Population in 1831 about 300. Latter-day Saint population...

More Info
, Jackson County, Missouri, and dictated a revelation clarifying the rights of women and children who had lost their husbands or fathers.
1

JS History, vol. A-1, 213.


Although there were civil laws outlining specific property rights for women upon the death of their husbands, it was not clear what would happen if a husband had
consecrated

The dedicating of money, lands, goods, or one’s own life for sacred purposes. Both the New Testament and Book of Mormon referred to some groups having “all things common” economically; the Book of Mormon also referred to individuals who consecrated or dedicated...

View Glossary
property to the church. The 30 April revelation helped clarify the church’s position in such instances.
An earlier revelation on the laws of the church outlined principles of consecration, stating that consecration was a means for church members to take care of the poor among them. That revelation instructed members to consecrate their properties to the church and
bishops

An ecclesiastical and priesthood office. JS appointed Edward Partridge as the first bishop in February 1831. Following this appointment, Partridge functioned as the local leader of the church in Missouri. Later revelations described a bishop’s duties as receiving...

View Glossary
to convey back
stewardships

One who managed property and goods under the law of consecration; also someone given a specific ecclesiastical responsibility. According to the “Laws of the Church of Christ,” members of the church were to make donations to the bishop, who would record the...

View Glossary
that were sufficient for their needs and those of their families. The “residue” of the consecrated property was then kept in the “
store house

Both a literal and a figurative repository for goods and land donated to the church. The book of Malachi directed the house of Israel to bring “all the tithes into the storehouse, that there may be meat in mine house.” In JS’s revision of the Old Testament...

View Glossary
to administer to the poor and needy.”
2

Revelation, 9 Feb. 1831 [D&C 42:30–34].


In accordance with this revelation, a few church members in
Ohio

French explored and claimed area, 1669. British took possession following French and Indian War, 1763. Ceded to U.S., 1783. First permanent white settlement established, 1788. Northeastern portion maintained as part of Connecticut, 1786, and called Connecticut...

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consecrated properties to the church for a brief time in 1831.
3

See, for example, Revelation, 20 May 1831 [D&C 51].


After
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

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was designated as the location of
Zion

A specific location in Missouri; also a literal or figurative gathering of believers in Jesus Christ, characterized by adherence to ideals of harmony, equality, and purity. In JS’s earliest revelations “the cause of Zion” was used to broadly describe the ...

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in July 1831, the practice of consecration was instituted there.
4

Revelation, 20 July 1831 [D&C 57]; Revelation, 1 Aug. 1831 [D&C 58].


As more members consecrated property, questions inevitably arose. For example, according to Missouri statutes, a woman had no claim on her personal property when she married, giving up that right to her husband. If her husband died, a woman had a dower right, or a right to a third part of her husband’s real estate. She was also “entitled absolutely to a share” in her husband’s “other personal estate” that was “equal to the share of a child of such deceased husband, after the payment of debts.”
5

An Act concerning Dower [Mar. 20 1835], Revised Statutes of the State of Missouri [1835], p. 228, secs. 1–2; Shammas et al., Inheritance in America, 67–68.


Comprehensive Works Cited

The Revised Statutes of the State of Missouri, Revised and Digested by the Eighth General Assembly, During the Years One Thousand Eight Hundred and Thirty-Four, and One Thousand Eight Hundred and Thirty-Five. Together with the Constitutions of Missouri and of the United States. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Chambers and Knapp, 1841.

Shammas, Carole, Marylynn Salmon, and Michel Dahlin. Inheritance in America: From Colonial Time to the Present. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987.

The doctrine of consecration, as established in the “Laws of the Church of Christ” and subsequent revelations, did not address what claims a widow had on property her husband had consecrated to the church or what would happen to children who lost their fathers.
6

Revelation, 9 Feb. 1831 [D&C 42:30–38]; Revelation, 20 July 1831 [D&C 57:7]; Revelation, 1 Aug. 1831 [D&C 58:35–36].


JS apparently became concerned about such questions while in
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

More Info
in April 1832. Perhaps one reason was his short trip from 28–29 April to visit the Saints from
Colesville

Area settled, beginning 1785. Formed from Windsor Township, Apr. 1821. Population in 1830 about 2,400. Villages within township included Harpursville, Nineveh, and Colesville. Susquehanna River ran through eastern portion of township. JS worked for Joseph...

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, New York, who had settled about twelve miles west of
Independence

Located twelve miles from western Missouri border. Permanently settled, platted, and designated county seat, 1827. Hub for steamboat travel on Missouri River. Point of departure for Santa Fe Trail. Population in 1831 about 300. Latter-day Saint population...

More Info
in
Kaw Township

Settlement by whites commenced after treaty with Osage Indians, 1825. One of three original townships organized in Jackson Co., 22 May 1827. Bordered by Missouri River on north side and Big Blue River on east and south sides; western boundary was state line...

More Info
, Missouri. JS had good friends in this settlement, including the Knight family. He later reported that he “received a welcome only known by brethren and sisters united as one in the same faith.”
7

JS History, vol. A-1, 213.


Among those living in Kaw Township were at least two widows: Phebe Crosby Peck, who had four children, and Anna Slade Rogers, who had a daughter.
8

Ira J. Willes, Statement, 20 May 1862, CHL. Ira Willes, who moved to Missouri with the Colesville Saints in the summer of 1831 and later prepared a list of the Colesville members that migrated at that time, listed Molly Slade as a widow as well, but she was apparently separated from her husband, who chose to remain in New York when the Colesville Saints migrated to Ohio in 1831. (See Hartley, Stand By My Servant Joseph, 112.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Willes, Ira J. Statement, 20 May 1862. CHL. MS 4050.

Hartley, William G. Stand by My Servant Joseph: The Story of the Joseph Knight Family and the Restoration. Provo, UT: Joseph Fielding Smith Institute for Latter-day Saint History; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2003.

These women’s husbands died in 1829 before the revelation on the “Laws of the Church of Christ” was dictated, but JS’s association with them may have prompted him to wonder about a widow’s claim to consecrated property, which may in turn have led to this 30 April revelation.
9

Hartley, Stand By My Servant Joseph, 146, 177; “Rogers, Mr. Henry R.,” in Inscriptions on the Headstones in the Cemetery at Afton, Chenango Co., N.Y. (formerly part of Brimfield), microfilm 973,007, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL.


Comprehensive Works Cited

Hartley, William G. Stand by My Servant Joseph: The Story of the Joseph Knight Family and the Restoration. Provo, UT: Joseph Fielding Smith Institute for Latter-day Saint History; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2003.

U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.

Sidney Rigdon

19 Feb. 1793–14 July 1876. Tanner, farmer, minister. Born at St. Clair, Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania. Son of William Rigdon and Nancy Gallaher. Joined United Baptists, ca. 1818. Preached at Warren, Trumbull Co., Ohio, and vicinity, 1819–1821. Married Phebe...

View Full Bio
may have written this revelation as JS dictated it in late April 1832. The apparent misdating of “May 31st” indicates that the version featured here, in Rigdon’s handwriting, is probably not the original but is a copy made for
Newel K. Whitney

3/5 Feb. 1795–23 Sept. 1850. Trader, merchant. Born at Marlborough, Windham Co., Vermont. Son of Samuel Whitney and Susanna Kimball. Moved to Fairfield, Herkimer Co., New York, 1803. Merchant at Plattsburg, Clinton Co., New York, 1814. Mercantile clerk for...

View Full Bio
. Whitney corrected this error in an endorsement that labeled and characterized the revelation: “as to Women & children; Inheretance at
Zion

JS revelation, dated 20 July 1831, designated Missouri as “land of Zion” for gathering of Saints and place where “City of Zion” was to be built, with Independence area as “center place” of Zion. Latter-day Saint settlements elsewhere, such as in Kirtland,...

More Info
30 apl. 1832.” Sometime after April 1832,
John Whitmer

27 Aug. 1802–11 July 1878. Farmer, stock raiser, newspaper editor. Born in Pennsylvania. Son of Peter Whitmer Sr. and Mary Musselman. Member of German Reformed Church, Fayette, Seneca Co., New York. Baptized by Oliver Cowdery, June 1829, most likely in Seneca...

View Full Bio
copied the revelation into Revelation Book 1, giving it the date of 30 April—a date that was perpetuated in a later JS history. It was also published in the January 1833 issue of The Evening and the Morning Star under the title “Items in Addition to the Laws for the Government of the Church of Christ, Given April, 1832.”

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    JS History, vol. A-1, 213.

  2. [2]

    Revelation, 9 Feb. 1831 [D&C 42:30–34].

  3. [3]

    See, for example, Revelation, 20 May 1831 [D&C 51].

  4. [4]

    Revelation, 20 July 1831 [D&C 57]; Revelation, 1 Aug. 1831 [D&C 58].

  5. [5]

    An Act concerning Dower [Mar. 20 1835], Revised Statutes of the State of Missouri [1835], p. 228, secs. 1–2; Shammas et al., Inheritance in America, 67–68.

    The Revised Statutes of the State of Missouri, Revised and Digested by the Eighth General Assembly, During the Years One Thousand Eight Hundred and Thirty-Four, and One Thousand Eight Hundred and Thirty-Five. Together with the Constitutions of Missouri and of the United States. 3rd ed. St. Louis: Chambers and Knapp, 1841.

    Shammas, Carole, Marylynn Salmon, and Michel Dahlin. Inheritance in America: From Colonial Time to the Present. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1987.

  6. [6]

    Revelation, 9 Feb. 1831 [D&C 42:30–38]; Revelation, 20 July 1831 [D&C 57:7]; Revelation, 1 Aug. 1831 [D&C 58:35–36].

  7. [7]

    JS History, vol. A-1, 213.

  8. [8]

    Ira J. Willes, Statement, 20 May 1862, CHL. Ira Willes, who moved to Missouri with the Colesville Saints in the summer of 1831 and later prepared a list of the Colesville members that migrated at that time, listed Molly Slade as a widow as well, but she was apparently separated from her husband, who chose to remain in New York when the Colesville Saints migrated to Ohio in 1831. (See Hartley, Stand By My Servant Joseph, 112.)

    Willes, Ira J. Statement, 20 May 1862. CHL. MS 4050.

    Hartley, William G. Stand by My Servant Joseph: The Story of the Joseph Knight Family and the Restoration. Provo, UT: Joseph Fielding Smith Institute for Latter-day Saint History; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2003.

  9. [9]

    Hartley, Stand By My Servant Joseph, 146, 177; “Rogers, Mr. Henry R.,” in Inscriptions on the Headstones in the Cemetery at Afton, Chenango Co., N.Y. (formerly part of Brimfield), microfilm 973,007, U.S. and Canada Record Collection, FHL.

    Hartley, William G. Stand by My Servant Joseph: The Story of the Joseph Knight Family and the Restoration. Provo, UT: Joseph Fielding Smith Institute for Latter-day Saint History; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2003.

    U.S. and Canada Record Collection. FHL.

Asterisk (*) denotes a "featured" version, which includes an introduction and annotation.
*Revelation, 30 April 1832 [D&C 83]
Revelation, 30 April 1832, as Recorded in Gilbert, Notebook [D&C 83] Revelation Book 1 Revelations printed in The Evening and the Morning Star, June 1832–June 1833 Revelation Book 2 Doctrine and Covenants, 1835 Revelations printed in Evening and Morning Star, January 1835–June 1836 History, 1838–1856, volume A-1 [23 December 1805–30 August 1834] Doctrine and Covenants, 1844 “History of Joseph Smith”

Page [1]

Zion

JS revelation, dated 20 July 1831, designated Missouri as “land of Zion” for gathering of Saints and place where “City of Zion” was to be built, with Independence area as “center place” of Zion. Latter-day Saint settlements elsewhere, such as in Kirtland,...

More Info
May 30 31st— 1832
Verily thus saith the Lord in addition to the laws of the church
1

The published version of this revelation in the January 1833 issue of The Evening and the Morning Star places a comma here to clarify that this is something given “in addition to the laws of the church,” not “in addition to the laws of the church concerning women and children.” (See “Items in Addition to the Laws for the Government of the Church of Christ, Given April, 1832,” The Evening and the Morning Star, Jan. 1833, [6].)


Comprehensive Works Cited

The Evening and the Morning Star. Independence, MO, June 1832–July 1833; Kirtland, OH, Dec. 1833–Sept. 1834.

concerning women and children who belong to the church who have lost their husbands or fathers
2

TEXT: Possibly “father<​s​>”.


<​a​> women <​woman​> <​women​> have <​has​> <​have​> claim on their husbands untill <​t​>he<​y​> is <​are​> taken and if they are not found transgressors they remain upon their
inheritinces

Generally referred to land promised by or received from God for the church and its members. A January 1831 revelation promised church members a land of inheritance. In March and May 1831, JS dictated revelations commanding members “to purchase lands for an...

View Glossary
all children have claim upon their parents untill they are of age
3

Later deeds of consecration contained similar language, stating that upon the death of the individual consecrating the property, “his wife or widow, being at the same time a member of the church, has claim” on the property “upon precisely the same conditions that her said husband had them.” Deeds also stated that orphans had claim on their parents’ inheritance “for their support, until they shall become of age.” Under Missouri law, children came of age when they were twenty-one. (James Lee and Edward Partridge, Agreement of Consecration, ca. 1832–1833, incorporated as part of Edward Partridge, Jackson Co., MO, to “Honored Father” et al., 22 Oct. 1834, Edward Partridge, Papers CHL; Tipton v. Montgomery [Mo. Sup. Ct. 1824], Missouri Supreme Court Historical Database, 1790–1880, MSA; Adams v. Harmon [Mo. Sup. Ct. 1833], Missouri Supreme Court Historical Database, 1790–1880, MSA.)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Partridge, Edward. Papers, 1818–1839. CHL. MS 892.

Missouri Supreme Court Historical Database, 1790–1880. MSA.

and after that they have claim upon the church or in other words the Lords
storehouse

Both a literal and a figurative repository for goods and land donated to the church. The book of Malachi directed the house of Israel to bring “all the tithes into the storehouse, that there may be meat in mine house.” In JS’s revision of the Old Testament...

View Glossary
for
inheritences

Generally referred to land promised by or received from God for the church and its members. A January 1831 revelation promised church members a land of inheritance. In March and May 1831, JS dictated revelations commanding members “to purchase lands for an...

View Glossary
4

Although the revelation begins with a statement about children who had lost their fathers, the remainder of the revelation does not explain how the church would help such children. Perhaps for this reason, the version of this revelation that Frederick G. Williams recorded in Revelation Book 2 sometime in 1834—as well as the published version in the 1835 edition of the Doctrine and Covenants—replaced “for inheritences” with “if their parents have not wherewith to give them inheritancs and the storehouse shall be kept by the consecrations of the church that widows and orphans shall be provided for as also the poor.” (See Revelation Book 2, p. 93; and Doctrine and Covenants 89, 1835 ed. [D&C 83:5–6].)


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Document Information

Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Revelation, 30 April 1832 [D&C 83]
ID #
1473
Total Pages
2
Print Volume Location
JSP, D2:240–243
Handwriting on This Page
  • Sidney Rigdon

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    The published version of this revelation in the January 1833 issue of The Evening and the Morning Star places a comma here to clarify that this is something given “in addition to the laws of the church,” not “in addition to the laws of the church concerning women and children.” (See “Items in Addition to the Laws for the Government of the Church of Christ, Given April, 1832,” The Evening and the Morning Star, Jan. 1833, [6].)

    The Evening and the Morning Star. Independence, MO, June 1832–July 1833; Kirtland, OH, Dec. 1833–Sept. 1834.

  2. [2]

    TEXT: Possibly “father<​s​>”.

  3. [3]

    Later deeds of consecration contained similar language, stating that upon the death of the individual consecrating the property, “his wife or widow, being at the same time a member of the church, has claim” on the property “upon precisely the same conditions that her said husband had them.” Deeds also stated that orphans had claim on their parents’ inheritance “for their support, until they shall become of age.” Under Missouri law, children came of age when they were twenty-one. (James Lee and Edward Partridge, Agreement of Consecration, ca. 1832–1833, incorporated as part of Edward Partridge, Jackson Co., MO, to “Honored Father” et al., 22 Oct. 1834, Edward Partridge, Papers CHL; Tipton v. Montgomery [Mo. Sup. Ct. 1824], Missouri Supreme Court Historical Database, 1790–1880, MSA; Adams v. Harmon [Mo. Sup. Ct. 1833], Missouri Supreme Court Historical Database, 1790–1880, MSA.)

    Partridge, Edward. Papers, 1818–1839. CHL. MS 892.

    Missouri Supreme Court Historical Database, 1790–1880. MSA.

  4. [4]

    Although the revelation begins with a statement about children who had lost their fathers, the remainder of the revelation does not explain how the church would help such children. Perhaps for this reason, the version of this revelation that Frederick G. Williams recorded in Revelation Book 2 sometime in 1834—as well as the published version in the 1835 edition of the Doctrine and Covenants—replaced “for inheritences” with “if their parents have not wherewith to give them inheritancs and the storehouse shall be kept by the consecrations of the church that widows and orphans shall be provided for as also the poor.” (See Revelation Book 2, p. 93; and Doctrine and Covenants 89, 1835 ed. [D&C 83:5–6].)

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