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Minutes, 8 December 1843

Source Note

Nauvoo City Council, Minutes, [
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Hancock Co., IL], 8 Dec. 1843. Featured version copied [ca. 8 Dec. 1843] in Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, Nov. 1842–Jan. 1844, pp. 23–24; handwriting of
Willard Richards

24 June 1804–11 Mar. 1854. Teacher, lecturer, doctor, clerk, printer, editor, postmaster. Born at Hopkinton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Joseph Richards and Rhoda Howe. Moved to Richmond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 1813; to Chatham, Columbia Co...

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; Nauvoo, IL, Records, CHL. For more complete source information, see the source note for Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, Feb.–Dec. 1841.

Historical Introduction

On 8 December 1843, at the request of JS as mayor, the
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
, Illinois, city council met in a special session to conduct city business and pass legislation in response to the kidnappings of
Hancock County

Formed from Pike Co., 1825. Described in 1837 as predominantly prairie and “deficient in timber.” Early settlers came mainly from mid-Atlantic and southern states. Population in 1835 about 3,200; in 1840 about 9,900; and in 1844 at least 15,000. Carthage ...

More Info
residents
Daniel

1 July 1797–16 Oct. 1851. Farmer, carpenter. Born in Oswego Co., New York. Son of Daniel Avery and Sarah. Moved to Franklin Co., Ohio, by 1821. Married Margaret Adams, 4 Jan. 1821, in Franklin Co. Moved to Worthington, Franklin Co., by Sept. 1825; to Perry...

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and
Philander Avery

13 June 1822 or 1823–9 May 1907. Farmer. Born in Franklin Co., Ohio. Son of Daniel Avery and Margaret Adams. Moved to Worthington, Franklin Co., by Sept. 1825; to Perry, Franklin Co., by June 1830; to Colwell, Schuyler Co., Illinois, 1832; to Rushville, Schuyler...

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.
1

For more information on the Avery kidnappings, see “Part 5: December 1843.”


Earlier that morning, JS met with unidentified individuals to discuss a potential ordinance to create a wing dam on the
Mississippi River

Principal U.S. river running southward from Itasca Lake, Minnesota, to Gulf of Mexico. Covered 3,160-mile course, 1839 (now about 2,350 miles). Drains about 1,100,000 square miles. Steamboat travel on Mississippi very important in 1830s and 1840s for shipping...

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, ongoing threats presented by the Avery kidnappings, and rumors of a new attempt to extradite JS to
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

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. JS then requested that the city council assemble that afternoon to prepare “for any invasion from Missouri” and issued orders to the city marshal,
Henry G. Sherwood

20 Apr. 1785–24 Nov. 1867. Surveyor. Born at Kingsbury, Washington Co., New York. Son of Newcomb Sherwood and a woman whose maiden name was Tolman (first name unidentified). Married first Jane J. McManagal (McMangle) of Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland, ca. 1824...

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, and Major General
Wilson Law

26 Feb. 1806–15 Oct. 1876. Merchant, millwright, land speculator, farmer. Born in Ireland. Son of Richard Law and Ann Hunter. Immigrated to U.S. and settled in Springfield Township, Mercer Co., Pennsylvania, by 1820. Moved to Delaware Township, Mercer Co....

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to mobilize a portion of the
Nauvoo Legion

A contingent of the Illinois state militia provided for in the Nauvoo city charter. The Nauvoo Legion was organized into two cohorts: one infantry and one cavalry. Each cohort could potentially comprise several thousand men and was overseen by a brigadier...

View Glossary
to protect the city and its citizens.
2

JS, Journal, 8 Dec. 1843; Mayor’s Order to Henry G. Sherwood, 8 Dec. 1843; Military Order to Wilson Law, 8 Dec. 1843; see also Requisition from Henry G. Sherwood, 8 Dec. 1843.


The city council assembled at four o’clock in the afternoon. After conducting procedural measures, the council read and passed two ordinances. The first ordinance sought to protect JS and other
Latter-day Saints

The Book of Mormon related that when Christ set up his church in the Americas, “they which were baptized in the name of Jesus, were called the church of Christ.” The first name used to denote the church JS organized on 6 April 1830 was “the Church of Christ...

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from extradition to
Missouri

Area acquired by U.S. in Louisiana Purchase, 1803, and established as territory, 1812. Missouri Compromise, 1820, admitted Missouri as slave state, 1821. Population in 1830 about 140,000; in 1836 about 240,000; and in 1840 about 380,000. Latter-day Saint ...

More Info
, threatening life imprisonment to anyone attempting to make arrests related to the “Missouri difficulties.”
3

Ordinance, 8 Dec. 1843.


The second ordinance authorized JS to build a dam on the
Mississippi River

Principal U.S. river running southward from Itasca Lake, Minnesota, to Gulf of Mexico. Covered 3,160-mile course, 1839 (now about 2,350 miles). Drains about 1,100,000 square miles. Steamboat travel on Mississippi very important in 1830s and 1840s for shipping...

More Info
.
4

Nauvoo City Council Minute Book, 8 Dec. 1843, 192–193.


JS then proposed protective measures, including a request that Congress grant the rights and powers of a federal territory to the city of
Nauvoo

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
.
The city council concluded the meeting by resolving to publicize the ordinance to protect JS and other Latter-day Saints by printing it in an extra issue of the city newspaper and holding a public meeting. The council then adjourned until 12 December 1843.
City recorder
Willard Richards

24 June 1804–11 Mar. 1854. Teacher, lecturer, doctor, clerk, printer, editor, postmaster. Born at Hopkinton, Middlesex Co., Massachusetts. Son of Joseph Richards and Rhoda Howe. Moved to Richmond, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 1813; to Chatham, Columbia Co...

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recorded the meeting minutes in the city council’s rough minute book.

Footnotes

  1. [1]

    For more information on the Avery kidnappings, see “Part 5: December 1843.”

  2. [2]

    JS, Journal, 8 Dec. 1843; Mayor’s Order to Henry G. Sherwood, 8 Dec. 1843; Military Order to Wilson Law, 8 Dec. 1843; see also Requisition from Henry G. Sherwood, 8 Dec. 1843.

  3. [3]

    Ordinance, 8 Dec. 1843.

  4. [4]

    Nauvoo City Council Minute Book, 8 Dec. 1843, 192–193.

Asterisk (*) denotes a "featured" version, which includes an introduction and annotation. Minutes, 8 December 1843 Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, November 1842–January 1844

Page 24

in this
city

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
,
5

See Ordinance, 21 Dec. 1843.


also the idea of petitioning congress to receive us <​the
Nauvoo Legion

A contingent of the Illinois state militia provided for in the Nauvoo city charter. The Nauvoo Legion was organized into two cohorts: one infantry and one cavalry. Each cohort could potentially comprise several thousand men and was overseen by a brigadier...

View Glossary
​> <​
city

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
​> under their protection, and <​acknowle[d]ge the
Legion

A contingent of the Illinois state militia provided for in the Nauvoo city charter. The Nauvoo Legion was organized into two cohorts: one infantry and one cavalry. Each cohort could potentially comprise several thousand men and was overseen by a brigadier...

View Glossary
, as
United States

North American constitutional republic. Constitution ratified, 17 Sept. 1787. Population in 1805 about 6,000,000; in 1830 about 13,000,000; and in 1844 about 20,000,000. Louisiana Purchase, 1803, doubled size of U.S. Consisted of seventeen states at time ...

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troops, and assist in fortifying <​fortifications,​>​> <​& other purposes and​> a messenger be sent to congress for this purpose at the expence of the
city

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
.—
A[ldermen] [William W.] Phelps

17 Feb. 1792–7 Mar. 1872. Writer, teacher, printer, newspaper editor, publisher, postmaster, lawyer. Born at Hanover, Morris Co., New Jersey. Son of Enon Phelps and Mehitabel Goldsmith. Moved to Homer, Cortland Co., New York, 1800. Married Sally Waterman,...

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—
6

In June 1843, Phelps began serving as an alderman pro tempore in the absence of regularly elected aldermen. (See Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 1 and 10 June 1843, 18; 18 Aug. [Sept.] 1843, 21.)


&
[George W.] Harris

1 Apr. 1780–1857. Jeweler. Born at Lanesboro, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of James Harris and Diana (Margaret) Burton. Married first Elizabeth, ca. 1800. Married second Margaret, who died in 1828. Moved to Batavia, Genesee Co., New York, by 1830. Married...

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approved, also C[ounselor]
O[rson] Pratt

19 Sept. 1811–3 Oct. 1881. Farmer, writer, teacher, merchant, surveyor, editor, publisher. Born at Hartford, Washington Co., New York. Son of Jared Pratt and Charity Dickinson. Moved to New Lebanon, Columbia Co., New York, 1814; to Canaan, Columbia Co., fall...

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.—
Mess
[John] Taylor

1 Nov. 1808–25 July 1887. Preacher, editor, publisher, politician. Born at Milnthorpe, Westmoreland, England. Son of James Taylor and Agnes Taylor, members of Church of England. Around age sixteen, joined Methodist church and was local preacher. Migrated ...

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,
O. Spencr [Orson Spencer]

14 Mar./13 May 1802–15 Oct. 1855. Teacher, minister, university professor and chancellor. Born in West Stockbridge, Berkshire Co., Massachusetts. Son of Daniel Spencer and Chloe Wilson. Moved to Lenox, Berkshire Co., 1817; to Schenectady, Schenectady Co.,...

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&
O. Pratt

19 Sept. 1811–3 Oct. 1881. Farmer, writer, teacher, merchant, surveyor, editor, publisher. Born at Hartford, Washington Co., New York. Son of Jared Pratt and Charity Dickinson. Moved to New Lebanon, Columbia Co., New York, 1814; to Canaan, Columbia Co., fall...

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were appointed a committee to draft a memorial according to the mayors Suggestion as above.
7

See Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, ca. 16 Dec. 1843–12 Feb. 1844.


Resolved that the Citizens of this
city

Principal gathering place for Saints following expulsion from Missouri. Beginning in 1839, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints purchased lands in earlier settlement of Commerce and planned settlement of Commerce City, as well as surrounding areas....

More Info
be called together. tomorrow morning to hear read the <​extra​> ordinanc[e] for the extra case of Joseph Smith & others,
8

See Discourse, 9 Dec. 1843.


also that <​the​> Same be printed immediately
9

Wilford Woodruff, joint manager of the Nauvoo printing office, recorded in his journal entry for 8 December that the office published a one-page extra of the Nauvoo Neighbor. The issue was dated 9 December 1843, however. The extra contained the minutes and resolutions of a 7 December public meeting, the two city council ordinances passed on 8 December, selections from the United States Constitution, and two letters from Illinois’s attorney general and his predecessor on the independent nature of the Nauvoo Legion. (Woodruff, Journal, 8 Dec. 1843; Nauvoo Neighbor, Extra, 9 Dec. 1843, [1].)


Comprehensive Works Cited

Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

Nauvoo Neighbor. Nauvoo, IL. 1843–1845.

Adjourned to till Monday <​Tuesday​> <​morning next​>. at 10 A M . . . [p. 24]
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Document Information

Related Case Documents
Editorial Title
Minutes, 8 December 1843
ID #
13342
Total Pages
2
Print Volume Location
JSP, D13:338–341
Handwriting on This Page
  • Willard Richards

Footnotes

  1. [5]

    See Ordinance, 21 Dec. 1843.

  2. [6]

    In June 1843, Phelps began serving as an alderman pro tempore in the absence of regularly elected aldermen. (See Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, 1 and 10 June 1843, 18; 18 Aug. [Sept.] 1843, 21.)

  3. [7]

    See Memorial to the United States Senate and House of Representatives, ca. 16 Dec. 1843–12 Feb. 1844.

  4. [8]

    See Discourse, 9 Dec. 1843.

  5. [9]

    Wilford Woodruff, joint manager of the Nauvoo printing office, recorded in his journal entry for 8 December that the office published a one-page extra of the Nauvoo Neighbor. The issue was dated 9 December 1843, however. The extra contained the minutes and resolutions of a 7 December public meeting, the two city council ordinances passed on 8 December, selections from the United States Constitution, and two letters from Illinois’s attorney general and his predecessor on the independent nature of the Nauvoo Legion. (Woodruff, Journal, 8 Dec. 1843; Nauvoo Neighbor, Extra, 9 Dec. 1843, [1].)

    Woodruff, Wilford. Journals, 1833–1898. Wilford Woodruff, Journals and Papers, 1828–1898. CHL. MS 1352.

    Nauvoo Neighbor. Nauvoo, IL. 1843–1845.

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